Hýpnos: canonical, contested, and the false forms on record

Court is in session. In the matter of Hýpnos, the register hears the evidence — the attestation, the marks, and the forms that stand accused.

At a Glance

• Canonical form: Hýpnos
• Original script: Ὕπνος
• Pantheon: Greek
• Convention: the restored-stress convention: acute and circumflex for pitch, macrons for vowel quantity, exactly as the sources write
• False forms on record: 2
• Contested forms: none attested
• Series: The Canonical Register, No. 121 of 287

The Charge

That the name Hýpnos is routinely written in forms that move, drop, or invent its marks — and that each such form teaches the reader a different, lesser name. The register's task is to separate the honest fallback from the outright false.

The Defense of the Canonical Form

The name is attested as Ὕπνος, in the attestation LSJ and Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek give us. On the evidence, it means "Sleep". The canonical transliteration is Hýpnos.

Every mark is evidence, and every piece of evidence is checkable:

• y → ý — Acute on y: the stress position, as the sources give it.

The Character Witness

The plain form hypnos is not false — it is a fallback, and the register is exact about what that means. In systems that cannot carry diacritics (legacy databases, older tooling, parts of the address-bar pipeline) the flattened form is the accepted vehicle, and the rulebook names it explicitly as the final rung of the fallback hierarchy: full restoration first, circumflex where attested, macron-only by the academic standard, an attested variant, and only then plain ASCII.

What the fallback status forbids is promotion: hypnos may carry the name where marks are impossible, but it may not represent the name where marks are possible. Every mark it drops — y → ý — is a fact the sources recorded. A fallback is a vehicle, never the primary.

Cross-Examination

The witness Hýpnó́s

Where it comes from: the English ear — English speakers slam the first syllable of every borrowed name (DEL-fi, MY-cene), so the accent drifts forward online. Why it cannot stand: moves the stress from y (where the Greek puts it) to O — a different word with a different rhythm; the sources stress y and nothing else.

The witness Hýpnos

Where it comes from: the circumflex habit — writers who learned that "the little hat means Greek" and apply it wherever an acute belongs. Why it cannot stand: the source carries an acute (oxeia, a rising tone), not a circumflex (perispomene, a rise-fall): the two marks are different facts about pitch, and only the acute is attested on y.

Mitigating Circumstances

No alternate form of this name carries documented scholarly support in the lexicon's record. The convention here — the restored-stress convention: acute and circumflex for pitch, macrons for vowel quantity, exactly as the sources write — produces exactly one defensible transliteration: Hýpnos. Forms that differ from it are not contested; they are simply wrong.

Why These Marks Exist at All

Greek diacritics are a preservation technology. The acute marks pitch rising; the circumflex marks pitch rising and falling; the macron marks time — how long the vowel is held. The first two were invented by Hellenistic scholars to save the accent as speech flattened; the last matters because Greek meter is built from long and short syllables the way music is built from beats. A transliteration that keeps these is not "decorated" — it is the difference between the name as evidence and the name as guesswork. This register holds to the restored-stress convention because it is the convention that keeps the evidence.

Registration, Honestly

Three facts govern every domain this project registers. One: IDNA 2008 welcomes the marks — punycode encodes them legally and browsers show them faithfully. Two: welcome is not availability — registrars hold partial inventory, so the ideal form of a name may exist in the protocol yet not in the shop window today. Three: typeability is a separate virtue — a form no one can type on a phone is a form no one will visit, however canonical.

Hence the hierarchy the rulebook enforces: take the most complete form that is both attested and actually registrable, and never accept a wrong mark for the sake of availability. The wrong accent is not a rung on that ladder; it is off the ladder entirely.

The Verdict

So the register finds: Hýpnos, canonical; hypnos, a sanctioned fallback; the contested forms, recorded with their support; the false forms, ruled against with their violations named. Every line of that finding cites its evidence, and the evidence is open to any reader — the register asks to be checked, not trusted. The temple keeps the canonical form at /sites/hypnos/.

The docket for this ruling: 2 false forms ruled against, Hýpnó́s first on the docket; 1 preserved mark verified: y → ý; no contested forms attested; the attestation rests on 6 cited sources — LSJ, Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek, Homer, Iliad.

The Register Continues

Entry 121 of 287 in the Canonical Register. Around it: the temple's founding dispatch, the Restoration File on the marks themselves, the Resonance File on the archetype at work, and the Rulebook behind all of it.

Continue the register — previous entry: Hyperiōn (read it) · next entry: Iānus (read it).

The Canonical Register is written from the same canonical record as the lexicon itself. If a false form is missing from this page, it is because the evidence does not support calling it false — or because we have not seen it yet. Show us, with a citation, and the register will answer.